The Register
Every law Congress has passed
97,863 laws from 1789 to 2026, as printed in the Statutes at Large, the official record of every act of Congress. 51,799 are public laws; 46,064 are private laws, which apply to named people or places, such as pensions, land claims and relief from debts.
688 laws of the 99th Congress, 1985–1987
An Act For the relief of Leonard Leslie Gambie.
Private Law 99-7 · 100 Stat. 4315 · August 23, 1986 · Private law · Original text
An Act For the relief of Juan Ricardo McRae.
Private Law 99-8 · 100 Stat. 4316 · August 23, 1986 · Private law · Original text
An Act For the relief of John Patrick Brady, Ann M. Brady, and Mark P. Brady.
Private Law 99-9 · 100 Stat. 4316 · August 23, 1986 · Private law · Original text
An Act For the relief of Alexander Lockwood.
Private Law 99-10 · 100 Stat. 4316 · August 23, 1986 · Private law · Original text
An Act For the relief of Mountaha Bou-Assali Saad.
Private Law 99-11 · 100 Stat. 4317 · August 23, 1986 · Private law · Original text
An Act For the relief of Milanie C. Escobal Norman.
Private Law 99-12 · 100 Stat. 4317 · August 23, 1986 · Private law · Original text
An Act To authorize the use of funds from rental of floating drydock and other marine equipment to support the National Maritime Museum in San Francisco, California, and for other purposes.
Public Law 99-395 · 100 Stat. 836 · August 27, 1986 · Original text
An Act To amend the Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands, to amend the Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, to amend the Organic Act of Guam, to provide for the governance of the insular areas of the United States, and for other purposes.
Public Law 99-396 · 100 Stat. 837 · August 27, 1986 · Original text
An Act To amend title 17, United States Code, to clarify the definition of the local service area of a primary transmitter in the case of a low power television station.
Public Law 99-397 · 100 Stat. 848 · August 27, 1986 · Original text
Klamath Indian Tribe Restoration Act
An Act To provide for the restoration of the Federal trust relationship with, and Federal services and assistance to, the Klamath Tribe of Indians and the individual members thereof consisting of the Klamath and Modoc Tribes and the Yahooskin Band of Snake Indians, and for other purposes.
Public Law 99-398 · 100 Stat. 849 · August 27, 1986 · Original text
Omnibus Diplomatic Security and Antiterrorism Act of 1986
An Act To provide enhanced diplomatic security and combat international terrorism, and for other purposes.
Public Law 99-399 · 100 Stat. 853 · August 27, 1986 · Original text
An Act To extend until September 15, 1986, the emergency acquisition and net worth guarantee provisions of the Garn-St Germain Depository Institutions Act of 1982.
Public Law 99-400 · 100 Stat. 902 · August 27, 1986 · Original text
Children’s Justice and Assistance Act of 1986
An Act To amend the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act to establish a program to encourage States to enact child protection reforms which are designed to improve legal and administrative proceedings regarding the investigation and prosecution of child abuse cases, particularly child sexual abuse cases, and to establish demonstration programs of temporary child care for handicapped children and crisis nurseries.
Public Law 99-401 · 100 Stat. 903 · August 27, 1986 · Original text
Federal Lands Cleanup Act of 1985
An Act To provide for a program of cleanup and maintenance on Federal lands.
Public Law 99-402 · 100 Stat. 910 · August 27, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution To proclaim October 23, 1986, as “A Time of Remembrance” for all victims of terrorism throughout the world.
Public Law 99-403 · 100 Stat. 913 · August 27, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution To designate the week of October 5, 1986, through October 11, 1986, as “Mental Illness Awareness Week”.
Public Law 99-404 · 100 Stat. 914 · August 27, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution To designate November 18, 1986, as “National Community Education Day”.
Public Law 99-405 · 100 Stat. 916 · August 27, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution To designate the month of September 1986 as “Adult Literacy Awareness Month”.
Public Law 99-406 · 100 Stat. 917 · August 27, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution To designate October 6, 1986, as “National Drug Abuse Education Day”.
Public Law 99-407 · 100 Stat. 919 · August 27, 1986 · Original text
An Act To amend chapter 44, of title 18, United States Code, to regulate the manufacture, importation, and sale of armor piercing ammunition, and for other purposes.
Public Law 99-408 · 100 Stat. 920 · August 28, 1986 · Original text
Rural Industrial Assistance Act of 1986
An Act To authorize the Secretary of Agriculture to make grants for the purpose of establishing institutes of rural technology development.
Public Law 99-409 · 100 Stat. 923 · August 28, 1986 · Original text
Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act
An Act To consolidate and improve provisions of law relating to absentee registration and voting in elections for Federal office by members of uniformed services and persons who reside overseas.
Public Law 99-410 · 100 Stat. 924 · August 28, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution Making a repayable advance to the Hazardous Substance Response Trust Fund.
Public Law 99-411 · 100 Stat. 931 · August 28, 1986 · Original text
Conservation Service Reform Act of 1986
An Act To reform the Residential Conservation Service and to repeal the Commercial and Apartment Conservation Service.
Public Law 99-412 · 100 Stat. 932 · August 28, 1986 · Original text
An Act For the relief of Joe Herring.
Private Law 99-13 · 100 Stat. 4318 · August 28, 1986 · Private law · Original text
An Act To provide for a minimum price and an alternative production rate for petroleum produced from the naval petroleum reserves, and for other purposes.
Public Law 99-413 · 100 Stat. 944 · August 29, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution To designate the week beginning September 7, 1986, as “National Freedom of Information Act Awareness Week”.
Public Law 99-414 · 100 Stat. 946 · September 16, 1986 · Original text
Anglo-Irish Agreement Support Act of 1986
An Act To authorize United States contributions to the International Fund established pursuant to the November 15, 1985, agreement between the United Kingdom and Ireland, as well as other assistance.
Public Law 99-415 · 100 Stat. 947 · September 19, 1986 · Original text
An Act To designate the Closed Basin Conveyance Channel of the Closed Basin Division, San Luis Valley Project, Colorado, as the “Franklin Eddy Canal”.
Public Law 99-416 · 100 Stat. 950 · September 23, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution To designate the week beginning September 15, 1986, as “National School-Age Child Care Awareness Week”.
Public Law 99-417 · 100 Stat. 951 · September 23, 1986 · Original text
An Act To provide for the awarding of a special gold medal to Aaron Copland.
Public Law 99-418 · 100 Stat. 952 · September 23, 1986 · Original text
An Act For the relief of Mary E. Stokes.
Private Law 99-14 · 100 Stat. 4318 · September 23, 1986 · Private law · Original text
Joint Resolution To designate the week of October 19, 1986, through October 26, 1986, “National Housing Week”.
Public Law 99-419 · 100 Stat. 954 · September 25, 1986 · Original text
An Act To establish a permanent boundary for the Acadia National Park in the State of Maine, and for other purposes.
Public Law 99-420 · 100 Stat. 955 · September 25, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution Designating September 22, 1986, as “American Business Women’s Day”.
Public Law 99-421 · 100 Stat. 961 · September 25, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution To designate the week of September 15, 1986, through September 21, 1986, as “National Historically Black Colleges Week”.
Public Law 99-422 · 100 Stat. 962 · September 25, 1986 · Original text
An Act For the relief of Gerald M. Hendley.
Private Law 99-15 · 100 Stat. 4319 · September 25, 1986 · Private law · Original text
An Act For the relief of Cirilo Raagas Costa and Wilma Raagas Costa.
Private Law 99-16 · 100 Stat. 4319 · September 25, 1986 · Private law · Original text
An Act To authorize the Smithsonian Institution to plan and construct facilities for certain science activities of the Institution, and for other purposes.
Public Law 99-423 · 100 Stat. 963 · September 30, 1986 · Original text
Executive Exchange Program Voluntary Services Act of 1986
An Act To provide for the establishment of an experimental program relating to the acceptance of voluntary services from participants in an executive exchange program of the Government.
Public Law 99-424 · 100 Stat. 964 · September 30, 1986 · Original text
Human Services Reauthorization Act of 1986
An Act To authorize appropriations for fiscal years 1987, 1988, 1989, and 1990 to carry out the Head Start, Follow Through, dependent care, community services block grant, and community food and nutrition programs, and for other purposes.
Public Law 99-425 · 100 Stat. 966 · September 30, 1986 · Original text
An Act To amend the Department of Defense Authorization Act, 1985, to provide that members of the Commission on Merchant Marine and Defense shall not be considered to be Federal employees for certain purposes, to extend the deadline for reports of the Commission, and to extend the availability of funds appropriated to the Commission.
Public Law 99-426 · 100 Stat. 979 · September 30, 1986 · Original text
An Act To direct the Secretary of the Interior to convey certain interests in lands in Socorro County, New Mexico, to the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology.
Public Law 99-427 · 100 Stat. 980 · September 30, 1986 · Original text
Tribally Controlled Community College Assistance Amendments of 1986
An Act To reauthorize the Tribally Controlled Community College Assistance Act of 1978 and the Navajo Community College Act.
Public Law 99-428 · 100 Stat. 982 · September 30, 1986 · Original text
An Act To temporarily delay the repeal of the United States Trustee System.
Public Law 99-429 · 100 Stat. 985 · September 30, 1986 · Original text
An Act To provide for the extension of certain programs relating to housing and community development, and for other purposes.
Public Law 99-430 · 100 Stat. 986 · September 30, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution To provide for a settlement to the Maine Central Railroad Company and Portland Terminal Company labor-management dispute.
Public Law 99-431 · 100 Stat. 987 · September 30, 1986 · Original text
An Act For the relief of Catherine and Robert Fossez.
Private Law 99-17 · 100 Stat. 4320 · September 30, 1986 · Private law · Original text
An Act To reauthorize the Atlantic Striped Bass Conservation Act, and for other purposes.
Public Law 99-432 · 100 Stat. 989 · October 1, 1986 · Original text
Goldwater-Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1986
An Act To reorganize the Department of Defense and strengthen civilian authority in the Department of Defense, to improve the military advice provided to the President, the National Security Council, and the Secretary of Defense, to place clear responsibility on the commanders of the unified and specified combatant commands for the accomplishment of missions assigned to those commands and ensure that the authority of those commanders is fully commensurate with that responsibility, to increase attention to the formulation of strategy and to contingency planning, to provide for more efficient use of defense resources, to improve joint officer management policies, otherwise to enhance the effectiveness of military operations and improve the management and administration of the Department of Defense, and for other purposes.
Public Law 99-433 · 100 Stat. 992 · October 1, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution Making continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 1987, and for other purposes.
Public Law 99-434 · 100 Stat. 1076 · October 1, 1986 · Original text
Air Carrier Access Act of 1986
An Act To amend the Federal Aviation Act of 1968 to provide that prohibitions of discrimination against handicapped individuals shall apply to air carriers.
Public Law 99-435 · 100 Stat. 1080 · October 2, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution To designate November 15, 1986, as “National Philanthropy Day”.
Public Law 99-436 · 100 Stat. 1081 · October 2, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution To designate September 1986 as “National Independent Retail Grocer Month”.
Public Law 99-437 · 100 Stat. 1082 · October 2, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution Designating July 2 and 3, 1987, as the “United States-Canada Days of Peace and Friendship”.
Public Law 99-438 · 100 Stat. 1083 · October 2, 1986 · Original text
An Act Relating to telephone services for Senators.
Public Law 99-439 · 100 Stat. 1085 · October 2, 1986 · Original text
Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986
An Act To prohibit loans to, other investments in, and certain other activities with respect to, South Africa, and for other purposes
Public Law 99-440 · 100 Stat. 1086 · October 2, 1986 · Original text
Defense Production Act Amendments of 1986
An Act To extend the expiration date of the Defense Production Act of 1950 and to authorize appropriations for purposes of such Act.
Public Law 99-441 · 100 Stat. 1117 · October 3, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution To designate the month of November 1986 as “National Hospice Month”.
Public Law 99-442 · 100 Stat. 1119 · October 3, 1986 · Original text
An Act To provide the Small Business Administration continuing authority to administer a program for small innovative firms, and for other purposes.
Public Law 99-443 · 100 Stat. 1120 · October 6, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution To designate the week beginning October 12, 1986, as “National Children’s Television Awareness Week”.
Public Law 99-444 · 100 Stat. 1121 · October 6, 1986 · Original text
An Act To amend the National Trails System Act by designating the Nez Perce (Nee-Me-Poo) Trail as a component of the National Trails System.
Public Law 99-445 · 100 Stat. 1122 · October 6, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution To designate the week of October 5, 1986, through October 11, 1986, as “National Drug Abuse Education and Prevention Week”.
Public Law 99-446 · 100 Stat. 1124 · October 6, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution To designate the week of December 14, 1986, through December 20, 1986, as “National Drunk and Drugged Driving Awareness Week”.
Public Law 99-447 · 100 Stat. 1125 · October 6, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution To designate September 11, 1987, as “9–1–1 Emergency Number Day”.
Public Law 99-448 · 100 Stat. 1127 · October 6, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution To designate the rose as the national floral emblem.
Public Law 99-449 · 100 Stat. 1128 · October 7, 1986 · Original text
Colorado River Floodway Protection Act
An Act To establish a federally declared Floodway for the Colorado River below Davis Dam.
Public Law 99-450 · 100 Stat. 1129 · October 8, 1986 · Original text
An Act To amend the International Claims Settlement Act of 1949 to provide that the value of claims be based on the fair market value of the property taken.
Public Law 99-451 · 100 Stat. 1138 · October 8, 1986 · Original text
An Act To extend until October 13, 1986, the emergency acquisition and net worth guarantee provisions of the Garn-St Germain Depository Institutions Act of 1982.
Public Law 99-452 · 100 Stat. 1140 · October 8, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution To designate October 1986 as “Polish American Heritage Month”.
Public Law 99-453 · 100 Stat. 1141 · October 8, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution To designate the period of December 1, 1986, through December 7, 1986, as “National Aplastic Anemia Awareness Week”.
Public Law 99-454 · 100 Stat. 1142 · October 8, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution To designate the week of October 12, 1986, through October 18, 1986, as “National Job Skills Week”.
Public Law 99-455 · 100 Stat. 1143 · October 8, 1986 · Original text
An Act To designate the Cumberland terminus of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park in honor of J. Glenn Beall, Sr.
Public Law 99-456 · 100 Stat. 1144 · October 8, 1986 · Original text
Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments of 1986
An Act To amend the Education of the Handicapped Act to reauthorize the discretionary programs under that Act, to authorize an early intervention program under that Act for handicapped infants and toddlers and their families, and for other purposes.
Public Law 99-457 · 100 Stat. 1145 · October 8, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution Designating October 1986 as “American Liver Foundation National Liver Awareness Month”.
Public Law 99-458 · 100 Stat. 1178 · October 8, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution Designating “National Epidermolysis Bullosa Awareness Week”.
Public Law 99-459 · 100 Stat. 1180 · October 8, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution Designating November 1986 as “National Diabetes Month”.
Public Law 99-460 · 100 Stat. 1181 · October 8, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution To designate the month of October 1986, as “National Spina Bifida Month”.
Public Law 99-461 · 100 Stat. 1182 · October 8, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution To designate October 4, 1986, as “National Outreach to the Rural Disabled Day”.
Public Law 99-462 · 100 Stat. 1183 · October 8, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution Waiving the printing on parchment of certain enrolled bills and joint resolutions during the remainder of the second session of the Ninety-ninth Congress.
Public Law 99-463 · 100 Stat. 1184 · October 9, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 1987, and for other purposes.
Public Law 99-464 · 100 Stat. 1185 · October 9, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1987, and for other purposes.
Public Law 99-465 · 100 Stat. 1189 · October 11, 1986 · Original text
An Act To amend title 28 of the United States Code to make certain changes with respect to the participation of judges of the Court of International Trade in judicial conferences and for other purposes.
Public Law 99-466 · 100 Stat. 1190 · October 14, 1986 · Original text
An Act To amend title 13, United States Code, to require the collection of statistics on domestic apparel and textile industries.
Public Law 99-467 · 100 Stat. 1192 · October 14, 1986 · Original text
An Act Granting the consent of the Congress to the amendments to the Susquehanna River Basin Compact.
Public Law 99-468 · 100 Stat. 1193 · October 14, 1986 · Original text
Tohono O’odham Tat Momolikot Dam Settlement Act
An Act To provide for the settlement of certain claims of the Papago Tribe of Arizona arising from the construction of Tat Momolikot Dam, and for other purposes.
Public Law 99-469 · 100 Stat. 1195 · October 14, 1986 · Original text
An Act To authorize appropriations for the Administrative Conference of the United States, and for other purposes.
Public Law 99-470 · 100 Stat. 1198 · October 14, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution To authorize and request the President to proclaim the week or November 23, 1986, to November 30, 1986, as “American Indian Week”.
Public Law 99-471 · 100 Stat. 1199 · October 14, 1986 · Original text
Export-Import Bank Act Amendments of 1986
An Act To amend the Export-Import Bank Act of 1945.
Public Law 99-472 · 100 Stat. 1200 · October 15, 1986 · Original text
An Act To authorize appropriations for the American Folklife Center for fiscal years 1987, 1988, and 1989, and for other purposes.
Public Law 99-473 · 100 Stat. 1212 · October 16, 1986 · Original text
Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986
An Act To amend title 18, United States Code, to provide additional penalties for fraud and related activities in connection with access devices and computers, and for other purposes.
Public Law 99-474 · 100 Stat. 1213 · October 16, 1986 · Original text
An Act To authorize the release to museums in the United States of certain objects owned by the United States Information Agency.
Public Law 99-475 · 100 Stat. 1217 · October 16, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution Designating the Study Center for Trauma and Emergency Medical Systems at the Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services Systems at the University of Maryland as the “Charles McC. Mathias, Jr., National Study Center for Trauma and Emergency Medical Systems”.
Public Law 99-476 · 100 Stat. 1218 · October 16, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution To designate the week beginning November 24, 1986, as “National Family Caregivers Week”.
Public Law 99-477 · 100 Stat. 1219 · October 16, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution Commemorating January 28, 1987, as a National Day of Excellence in honor of the crew of the space shuttle Challenger.
Public Law 99-478 · 100 Stat. 1221 · October 16, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution To designate the week beginning September 21, 1986, as “National Adult Day Care Center Week”.
Public Law 99-479 · 100 Stat. 1222 · October 16, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution To designate the school year of September 1986 through May 1987 as “National Year of the Teacher” and January 28, 1987, as “National Teacher Appreciation Day”.
Public Law 99-480 · 100 Stat. 1223 · October 16, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution To designate October 1986 as “Crack/Cocaine Awareness Month”.
Public Law 99-481 · 100 Stat. 1224 · October 16, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution To designate August 12, 1987, as “National Civil Rights Day”.
Public Law 99-482 · 100 Stat. 1225 · October 16, 1986 · Original text
Joint Resolution To designate March 1987, as “Developmental Disabilities Awareness Month”.
Public Law 99-483 · 100 Stat. 1226 · October 16, 1986 · Original text
By Congress
- 119th 2025 · 136
- 118th 2023 · 274
- 117th 2021 · 365
- 116th 2019 · 344
- 115th 2017 · 443
- 114th 2015 · 329
- 113th 2013 · 296
- 112th 2011 · 284
- 111th 2009 · 385
- 110th 2007 · 460
- 109th 2005 · 483
- 108th 2003 · 504
- 107th 2001 · 337
- 106th 1999 · 604
- 105th 1997 · 404
- 104th 1995 · 337
- 103rd 1993 · 473
- 102nd 1991 · 610
- 101st 1989 · 666
- 100th 1987 · 761
- 99th 1985 · 688
- 98th 1983 · 677
- 97th 1981 · 529
- 96th 1979 · 736
- 95th 1977 · 805
- 94th 1975 · 729
- 93rd 1973 · 774
- 92nd 1971 · 769
- 91st 1969 · 942
- 90th 1967 · 1,002
- 89th 1965 · 1,283
- 88th 1963 · 1,026
- 87th 1961 · 1,573
- 86th 1959 · 1,292
- 85th 1957 · 1,721
- 84th 1955 · 1,909
- 83rd 1953 · 1,784
- 82nd 1951 · 1,640
- 81st 1949 · 2,000
- 80th 1947 · 1,365
- 79th 1945 · 1,626
- 78th 1943 · 1,157
- 77th 1941 · 1,489
- 76th 1939 · 1,659
- 75th 1937 · 1,760
- 74th 1935 · 1,724
- 73rd 1933 · 975
- 72nd 1931 · 861
- 71st 1929 · 1,506
- 70th 1927 · 1,722
- 69th 1925 · 1,423
- 68th 1923 · 996
- 67th 1921 · 930
- 66th 1919 · 594
- 65th 1917 · 453
- 64th 1915 · 684
- 63rd 1913 · 700
- 62nd 1911 · 717
- 61st 1909 · 881
- 60th 1907 · 621
- 59th 1905 · 7,020
- 58th 1903 · 4,043
- 57th 1901 · 2,773
- 56th 1899 · 1,959
- 55th 1897 · 1,438
- 54th 1895 · 947
- 53rd 1893 · 712
- 52nd 1891 · 721
- 51st 1889 · 2,188
- 50th 1887 · 1,824
- 49th 1885 · 1,452
- 48th 1883 · 970
- 47th 1881 · 761
- 46th 1879 · 650
- 45th 1877 · 746
- 44th 1875 · 578
- 43rd 1873 · 859
- 42nd 1871 · 1,014
- 41st 1869 · 771
- 40th 1867 · 769
- 39th 1865 · 715
- 38th 1863 · 516
- 37th 1861 · 526
- 36th 1859 · 382
- 35th 1857 · 314
- 34th 1855 · 435
- 33rd 1853 · 540
- 32nd 1851 · 308
- 31st 1849 · 171
- 30th 1847 · 456
- 29th 1845 · 356
- 28th 1843 · 279
- 27th 1841 · 525
- 26th 1839 · 147
- 25th 1837 · 533
- 24th 1835 · 459
- 23rd 1833 · 392
- 22nd 1831 · 461
- 21st 1829 · 370
- 20th 1827 · 234
- 19th 1825 · 269
- 18th 1823 · 337
- 17th 1821 · 237
- 16th 1819 · 210
- 15th 1817 · 262
- 14th 1815 · 305
- 13th 1813 · 271
- 12th 1811 · 208
- 11th 1809 · 119
- 10th 1807 · 106
- 9th 1805 · 110
- 8th 1803 · 112
- 7th 1801 · 96
- 6th 1799 · 115
- 5th 1797 · 157
- 4th 1795 · 86
- 3rd 1793 · 133
- 2nd 1791 · 80
- 1st 1789 · 119
From the U.S. Statutes at Large, volumes 1 through 138, published by the Government Publishing Office on GovInfo; laws signed since the latest printed volume come from GovInfo’s public and private law files. Treaties, proclamations and concurrent resolutions, which share those volumes, are not laws and are left out. The oldest volumes were digitized from print, so a few dates could not be read; for those we show the year from the laws printed alongside. Short names come from each law’s own “may be cited as” clause.