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The 1776 Philadelphia ConstitutionThe laws of the land, set down plainly — and put to the people, one provision at a time.

The Register

Every law Congress has passed

97,863 laws from 1789 to 2026, as printed in the Statutes at Large, the official record of every act of Congress. 51,799 are public laws; 46,064 are private laws, which apply to named people or places, such as pensions, land claims and relief from debts.

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504 laws of the 108th Congress, 2003–2005

  1. An Act To provide for a 5-month extension of the Temporary Extended Unemployment Compensation Act of 2002 and for a transition period for individuals receiving compensation when the program under such Act ends.

    Public Law 108-1 · 117 Stat. 3 · January 8, 2003 · Original text

  2. Joint Resolution Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2003, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-2 · 117 Stat. 5 · January 10, 2003 · Original text

  3. National Flood Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2003

    An Act To extend the national flood insurance program.

    Public Law 108-3 · January 13, 2003

  4. Joint Resolution Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2003, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-4 · 117 Stat. 8 · January 31, 2003 · Original text

  5. Joint Resolution Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2003, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-5 · 117 Stat. 9 · February 7, 2003 · Original text

  6. An Act To authorize salary adjustments for Justices and judges of the United States for fiscal year 2003.

    Public Law 108-6 · 117 Stat. 10 · February 13, 2003 · Original text

  7. Consolidated Appropriations Resolution, 2003

    Joint Resolution Making consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2003, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-7 · 117 Stat. 11 · February 20, 2003 · Original text

  8. An Act To improve the calculation of the Federal subsidy rate with respect to certain small business loans, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-8 · 117 Stat. 555 · February 25, 2003 · Original text

  9. Joint Resolution Recognizing the 92d birthday of Ronald Reagan.

    Public Law 108-9 · 117 Stat. 556 · March 6, 2003 · Original text

  10. Do-Not-Call Implementation Act

    An Act To authorize the Federal Trade Commission to collect fees for the implementation and enforcement of a “do-not-call” registry, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-10 · 117 Stat. 557 · March 11, 2003 · Original text

  11. Emergency Wartime Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2003

    An Act Making emergency wartime supplemental appropriations for the fiscal year 2003, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-11 · 117 Stat. 559 · April 16, 2003 · Original text

  12. An Act To reinstate and extend the deadline for commencement of construction of a hydroelectric project in the State of Illinois.

    Public Law 108-12 · 117 Stat. 612 · April 22, 2003 · Original text

  13. An Act To rename the Guam South Elementary/Middle School of the Department of Defense Domestic Dependents Elementary and Secondary Schools System in honor of Navy Commander William “Willie” McCool, who was the pilot of the Space Shuttle Columbia when it was tragically lost on February 1, 2003.

    Public Law 108-13 · 117 Stat. 613 · April 22, 2003 · Original text

  14. An Act To designate the Federal building located at 290 Broadway in New York, New York, as the “Ted Weiss Federal Building”.

    Public Law 108-14 · 117 Stat. 614 · April 23, 2003 · Original text

  15. American 5-Cent Coin Design Continuity Act of 2003

    An Act To ensure continuity for the design of the 5-cent coin, establish the Citizens Coinage Advisory Committee, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-15 · 117 Stat. 615 · April 23, 2003 · Original text

  16. Nutria Eradication and Control Act of 2003

    An Act To provide for the eradication and control of nutria in Maryland and Louisiana.

    Public Law 108-16 · 117 Stat. 621 · April 23, 2003 · Original text

  17. An Act To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 2127 Beatties Ford Road in Charlotte, North Carolina, as the “Jim Richardson Post Office”.

    Public Law 108-17 · 117 Stat. 623 · April 23, 2003 · Original text

  18. Postal Civil Service Retirement System Funding Reform Act of 2003

    An Act To amend chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, to reform the funding of benefits under the Civil Service Retirement System for employees of the United States Postal Service, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-18 · 117 Stat. 624 · April 23, 2003 · Original text

  19. Clean Diamond Trade Act

    An Act To implement effective measures to stop trade in conflict diamonds, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-19 · 117 Stat. 631 · April 25, 2003 · Original text

  20. Smallpox Emergency Personnel Protection Act of 2003

    An Act To provide benefits and other compensation for certain individuals with injuries resulting from administration of smallpox countermeasures, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-20 · 117 Stat. 638 · April 30, 2003 · Original text

  21. Prosecutorial Remedies and Other Tools to end the Exploitation of Children Today Act of 2003

    An Act To prevent child abduction and the sexual exploitation of children, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-21 · 117 Stat. 650 · April 30, 2003 · Original text

  22. Gila River Indian Community Judgment Fund Distribution Act of 2003

    An Act To provide for the use and distribution of certain funds awarded to the Gila River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-22 · 117 Stat. 696 · May 14, 2003 · Original text

  23. Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge Complex Expansion and Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge Expansion Act

    An Act To expand the boundaries of the Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge Complex and the Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge.

    Public Law 108-23 · 117 Stat. 704 · May 19, 2003 · Original text

  24. Joint Resolution Increasing the statutory limit on the public debt.

    Public Law 108-24 · 117 Stat. 710 · May 27, 2003 · Original text

  25. United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003

    An Act To provide assistance to foreign countries to combat HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-25 · 117 Stat. 711 · May 27, 2003 · Original text

  26. Unemployment Compensation Amendments of 2003

    An Act To extend the Temporary Extended Unemployment Compensation Act of 2002.

    Public Law 108-26 · 117 Stat. 751 · May 28, 2003 · Original text

  27. Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003

    An Act To provide for reconciliation pursuant to section 201 of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2004.

    Public Law 108-27 · 117 Stat. 752 · May 28, 2003 · Original text

  28. An Act Concerning participation of Taiwan in the World Health Organization.

    Public Law 108-28 · 117 Stat. 769 · May 29, 2003 · Original text

  29. Veterans’ Memorial Preservation and Recognition Act of 2003

    An Act To further the protection and recognition of veterans’ memorials, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-29 · 117 Stat. 772 · May 29, 2003 · Original text

  30. An Act To amend the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act to extend the availability of funds to carry out the fruit and vegetable pilot program.

    Public Law 108-30 · 117 Stat. 774 · May 29, 2003 · Original text

  31. An Act To amend the Microenterprise for Self-Reliance Act of 2000 and the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to increase assistance for the poorest people in developing countries under microenterprise assistance programs under those Acts, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-31 · 117 Stat. 775 · June 17, 2003 · Original text

  32. Grand Teton National Park Land Exchange Act

    An Act To provide for the expeditious completion of the acquisition of land owned by the State of Wyoming within the boundaries of Grand Teton National Park, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-32 · 117 Stat. 779 · June 17, 2003 · Original text

  33. An Act To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 1114 Main Avenue in Clifton, New Jersey, as the “Robert P. Hammer Post Office Building”.

    Public Law 108-33 · 117 Stat. 781 · June 23, 2003 · Original text

  34. Zuni Indian Tribe Water Rights Settlement Act of 2003

    An Act To approve the settlement of the water rights claims of the Zuni Indian Tribe in Apache County, Arizona, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-34 · 117 Stat. 782 · June 23, 2003 · Original text

  35. An Act To designate the Federal building and United States courthouse located at 46 East Ohio Street in Indianapolis, Indiana, as the “Birch Bayh Federal Building and United States Courthouse”.

    Public Law 108-35 · 117 Stat. 799 · June 23, 2003 · Original text

  36. Keeping Children and Families Safe Act of 2003

    An Act To amend the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act to make improvements to and reauthorize programs under that Act, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-36 · 117 Stat. 800 · June 25, 2003 · Original text

  37. An Act To designate the regional headquarters building for the National Park Service under construction in Omaha, Nebraska, as the “Carl T. Curtis National Park Service Midwest Regional Headquarters Building”.

    Public Law 108-37 · 117 Stat. 832 · June 26, 2003 · Original text

  38. Joint Resolution Expressing the sense of Congress with respect to raising awareness and encouraging prevention of sexual assault in the United States and supporting the goals and ideals of National Sexual Assault Awareness and Prevention Month.

    Public Law 108-38 · 117 Stat. 833 · June 26, 2003 · Original text

  39. ORBIT Technical Corrections Act of 2003

    An Act To amend the Communications Satellite Act of 1962 to provide for the orderly dilution of the ownership interest in Inmarsat by former signatories to the Inmarsat Operating Agreement.

    Public Law 108-39 · 117 Stat. 835 · June 30, 2003 · Original text

  40. Welfare Reform Extension Act of 2003

    An Act To reauthorize the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families block grant program through fiscal year 2003, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-40 · 117 Stat. 836 · June 30, 2003 · Original text

  41. San Gabriel River Watershed Study Act

    An Act To authorize the Secretary of the Interior to conduct a study of the San Gabriel River Watershed, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-42 · July 1, 2003

  42. Automatic Defibrillation in Adam’s Memory Act

    An Act To authorize the use of certain grant funds to establish an information clearinghouse that provides information to increase public access to defibrillation in schools.

    Public Law 108-41 · 117 Stat. 839 · July 1, 2003 · Original text

  43. Glen Canyon National Recreation Area Boundary Revision Act

    An Act To revise the boundary of the Glen Canyon National Recreation Area in the States of Utah and Arizona.

    Public Law 108-43 · 117 Stat. 841 · July 1, 2003 · Original text

  44. Accountant, Compliance, and Enforcement Staffing Act of 2003

    An Act To provide for the protection of investors, increase confidence in the capital markets system, and fully implement the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 by streamlining the hiring process for certain employment positions in the Securities and Exchange Commission.

    Public Law 108-44 · 117 Stat. 842 · July 3, 2003 · Original text

  45. Strengthen AmeriCorps Program Act

    An Act To improve the manner in which the Corporation for National and Community Service approves, and records obligations relating to, national service positions.

    Public Law 108-45 · 117 Stat. 844 · July 3, 2003 · Original text

  46. An Act To redesignate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 7401 West 100th Place in Bridgeview, Illinois, as the “Michael J. Healy Post Office Building”.

    Public Law 108-46 · 117 Stat. 847 · July 14, 2003 · Original text

  47. An Act To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 1830 South Lake Drive in Lexington, South Carolina, as the “Floyd Spence Post Office Building”.

    Public Law 108-47 · 117 Stat. 848 · July 14, 2003 · Original text

  48. An Act To redesignate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 1859 South Ashland Avenue in Chicago, Illinois, as the “Cesar Chavez Post Office”.

    Public Law 108-48 · 117 Stat. 849 · July 14, 2003 · Original text

  49. An Act To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 141 Erie Street in Linesville, Pennsylvania, as the “James R. Merry Post Office”.

    Public Law 108-49 · 117 Stat. 850 · July 14, 2003 · Original text

  50. An Act To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 111 West Washington Street in Bowling Green, Ohio, as the “Delbert L. Latta Post Office Building”.

    Public Law 108-50 · 117 Stat. 851 · July 14, 2003 · Original text

  51. An Act To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 1901 West Evans Street in Florence, South Carolina, as the “Dr. Roswell N. Beck Post Office Building”.

    Public Law 108-51 · 117 Stat. 852 · July 14, 2003 · Original text

  52. An Act To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 7554 Pacific Avenue in Stockton, California, as the “Norman D. Shumway Post Office Building”.

    Public Law 108-52 · 117 Stat. 853 · July 14, 2003 · Original text

  53. An Act To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 4832 East Highway 27 in Iron Station, North Carolina, as the “General Charles Gabriel Post Office”.

    Public Law 108-53 · 117 Stat. 854 · July 14, 2003 · Original text

  54. An Act To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 2318 Woodson Road in St. Louis, Missouri, as the “Timothy Michael Gaffney Post Office Building”.

    Public Law 108-54 · 117 Stat. 855 · July 14, 2003 · Original text

  55. An Act To redesignate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 201 West Boston Street in Brookfield, Missouri, as the “Admiral Donald Davis Post Office Building”.

    Public Law 108-55 · 117 Stat. 856 · July 14, 2003 · Original text

  56. An Act To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 1502 East Kiest Boulevard in Dallas, Texas, as the “Dr. Caesar A.W. Clark, Sr. Post Office Building”.

    Public Law 108-56 · 117 Stat. 857 · July 14, 2003 · Original text

  57. An Act To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 120 Baldwin Avenue in Paia, Maui, Hawaii, as the “Patsy Takemoto Mink Post Office Building”.

    Public Law 108-57 · 117 Stat. 858 · July 14, 2003 · Original text

  58. An Act To authorize the Congressional Hunger Center to award Bill Emerson and Mickey Leland Hunger Fellowships for fiscal years 2003 and 2004.

    Public Law 108-58 · 117 Stat. 859 · July 14, 2003 · Original text

  59. An Act To extend the Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-59 · 117 Stat. 860 · July 14, 2003 · Original text

  60. An Act To award a congressional gold medal to Prime Minister Tony Blair.

    Public Law 108-60 · 117 Stat. 862 · July 17, 2003 · Original text

  61. Burmese Freedom and Democracy Act of 2003

    An Act To sanction the ruling Burmese military junta, to strengthen Burma’s democratic forces and support and recognize the National League of Democracy as the legitimate representative of the Burmese people, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-61 · 117 Stat. 864 · July 28, 2003 · Original text

  62. An Act To authorize the Secretary of the Interior to grant an easement to facilitate access to the Lewis and Clark Interpretative Center in Nebraska City, Nebraska.

    Public Law 108-62 · 117 Stat. 871 · July 29, 2003 · Original text

  63. McLoughlin House Addition to Fort Vancouver National Historic Site Act

    An Act To authorize the Secretary of the Interior to acquire the McLoughlin House in Oregon City, Oregon, for inclusion in Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-63 · 117 Stat. 872 · July 29, 2003 · Original text

  64. An Act To designate the visitor center in Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument in Arizona as the “Kris Eggle Visitor Center”, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-64 · 117 Stat. 874 · July 29, 2003 · Original text

  65. An Act To redesignate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 101 South Vine Street in Glenwood, Iowa, as the “William J. Scherle Post Office Building”.

    Public Law 108-65 · 117 Stat. 875 · July 29, 2003 · Original text

  66. An Act To provide that certain Bureau of Land Management land shall be held in trust for the Pueblo of Santa Clara and the Pueblo of San Ildefonso in the State of New Mexico.

    Public Law 108-66 · 117 Stat. 876 · July 30, 2003 · Original text

  67. An Act To direct the Secretary of Agriculture to convey certain land in the Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit, Nevada, to the Secretary of the Interior, in trust for the Washoe Indian Tribe of Nevada and California.

    Public Law 108-67 · 117 Stat. 880 · August 1, 2003 · Original text

  68. An Act To amend the PROTECT Act to clarify certain volunteer liability.

    Public Law 108-68 · 117 Stat. 883 · August 1, 2003 · Original text

  69. Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Act, 2003

    An Act Making emergency supplemental appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2003.

    Public Law 108-69 · 117 Stat. 885 · August 8, 2003 · Original text

  70. An Act To designate the building located at 1 Federal Plaza in New York, New York, as the “James L. Watson United States Court of International Trade Building”.

    Public Law 108-70 · 117 Stat. 886 · August 14, 2003 · Original text

  71. An Act To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 9350 East Corporate Hill Drive in Wichita, Kansas, as the “Garner E. Shriver Post Office Building”.

    Public Law 108-71 · 117 Stat. 887 · August 14, 2003 · Original text

  72. Smithsonian Facilities Authorization Act

    An Act To provide for additional space and resources for national collections held by the Smithsonian Institution, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-72 · 117 Stat. 888 · August 15, 2003 · Original text

  73. Family Farmer Bankruptcy Relief Act of 2003

    An Act To extend for six months the period for which chapter 12 of title 11 of the United States Code is reenacted.

    Public Law 108-73 · 117 Stat. 891 · August 15, 2003 · Original text

  74. An Act To amend title XXI of the Social Security Act to extend the availability of allotments for fiscal years 1998 through 2001 under the State Children’s Health Insurance Program, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-74 · 117 Stat. 892 · August 15, 2003 · Original text

  75. Mosquito Abatement for Safety and Health Act

    An Act To authorize grants through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for mosquito control programs to prevent mosquito-borne diseases, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-75 · 117 Stat. 898 · August 15, 2003 · Original text

  76. Higher Education Relief Opportunities for Students Act of 2003

    An Act To provide the Secretary of Education with specific waiver authority to respond to a war or other military operation or national emergency.

    Public Law 108-76 · 117 Stat. 904 · August 18, 2003 · Original text

  77. United States-Chile Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act

    An Act To implement the United States-Chile Free Trade Agreement.

    Public Law 108-77 · 117 Stat. 909 · September 3, 2003 · Original text

  78. United States-Singapore Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act

    An Act To implement the United States-Singapore Free Trade Agreement.

    Public Law 108-78 · 117 Stat. 948 · September 3, 2003 · Original text

  79. Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003

    An Act To provide for the analysis of the incidence and effects of prison rape in Federal, State, and local institutions and to provide information, resources, recommendations, and funding to protect individuals from prison rape.

    Public Law 108-79 · 117 Stat. 972 · September 4, 2003 · Original text

  80. An Act To designate the United States courthouse located at 101 North Fifth Street in Muskogee, Oklahoma, as the “Ed Edmondson United States Courthouse”.

    Public Law 108-80 · 117 Stat. 990 · September 17, 2003 · Original text

  81. Museum and Library Services Act of 2003

    An Act To reauthorize the Museum and Library Services Act, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-81 · 117 Stat. 991 · September 25, 2003 · Original text

  82. An Act To ratify the authority of the Federal Trade Commission to establish a do-not-call registry.

    Public Law 108-82 · 117 Stat. 1006 · September 29, 2003 · Original text

  83. Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2004

    An Act Making appropriations for the Legislative Branch for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2004, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-83 · 117 Stat. 1007 · September 30, 2003 · Original text

  84. Joint Resolution Making continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2004, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-84 · 117 Stat. 1042 · September 30, 2003 · Original text

  85. Fremont-Madison Conveyance Act

    An Act To authorize the Secretary of the Interior to convey certain facilities to the Fremont-Madison Irrigation District in the State of Idaho.

    Public Law 108-85 · 117 Stat. 1049 · September 30, 2003 · Original text

  86. Postmasters Equity Act of 2003

    An Act To amend chapter 10 of title 39, United States Code, to include postmasters and postmasters’ organizations in the process for the development and planning of certain policies, schedules, and programs, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-86 · 117 Stat. 1052 · September 30, 2003 · Original text

  87. Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2004

    An Act Making appropriations for the Department of Defense for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2004, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-87 · 117 Stat. 1054 · September 30, 2003 · Original text

  88. Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2003

    An Act To provide an extension of highway, highway safety, motor carrier safety, transit, and other programs funded out of the Highway Trust Fund pending enactment of a law reauthorizing the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century.

    Public Law 108-88 · 117 Stat. 1110 · September 30, 2003 · Original text

  89. An Act To extend the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families block grant program, and certain tax and trade programs, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-89 · 117 Stat. 1131 · October 1, 2003 · Original text

  90. Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2004

    An Act Making appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2004, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-90 · 117 Stat. 1137 · October 1, 2003 · Original text

  91. Hospital Mortgage Insurance Act of 2003

    An Act To amend section 242 of the National Housing Act regarding the requirements for mortgage insurance under such Act for hospitals.

    Public Law 108-91 · 117 Stat. 1158 · October 3, 2003 · Original text

  92. An Act To amend chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, to provide that certain Federal annuity computations are adjusted by 1 percentage point relating to periods of receiving disability payments, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-92 · 117 Stat. 1160 · October 3, 2003 · Original text

  93. An Act To direct the Secretary of the Interior to conduct a special resource study to determine the national significance of the Miami Circle site in the State of Florida as well as the suitability and feasibility of its inclusion in the National Park System as part of Biscayne National Park, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-93 · 117 Stat. 1161 · October 3, 2003 · Original text

  94. Coltsville Study Act of 2003

    An Act To direct the Secretary of the Interior to conduct a study of Coltsville in the State of Connecticut for potential inclusion in the National Park System.

    Public Law 108-94 · 117 Stat. 1163 · October 3, 2003 · Original text

  95. Mount Naomi Wilderness Boundary Adjustment Act

    An Act To make certain adjustments to the boundaries of the Mount Naomi Wilderness Area, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-95 · 117 Stat. 1165 · October 3, 2003 · Original text

  96. Runaway, Homeless, and Missing Children Protection Act

    An Act To reauthorize programs under the Runaway and Homeless Youth Act and the Missing Children’s Assistance Act, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-96 · 117 Stat. 1167 · October 10, 2003 · Original text

  97. An Act To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 1000 Avenida Sanchez Osorio in Carolina, Puerto Rico, as the “Roberto Clemente Walker Post Office Building”.

    Public Law 108-97 · 117 Stat. 1173 · October 10, 2003 · Original text

  98. An Act To amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 with respect to the qualifications of foreign schools.

    Public Law 108-98 · 117 Stat. 1174 · October 10, 2003 · Original text

  99. An Act To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to extend for an additional 5 years the special immigrant religious worker program.

    Public Law 108-99 · 117 Stat. 1176 · October 15, 2003 · Original text

  100. Check Clearing for the 21st Century Act

    An Act To facilitate check truncation by authorizing substitute checks, to foster innovation in the check collection system without mandating receipt of checks in electronic form, and to improve the overall efficiency of the Nation’s payments system, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-100 · 117 Stat. 1177 · October 28, 2003 · Original text

By Congress

From the U.S. Statutes at Large, volumes 1 through 138, published by the Government Publishing Office on GovInfo; laws signed since the latest printed volume come from GovInfo’s public and private law files. Treaties, proclamations and concurrent resolutions, which share those volumes, are not laws and are left out. The oldest volumes were digitized from print, so a few dates could not be read; for those we show the year from the laws printed alongside. Short names come from each law’s own “may be cited as” clause.