The Register
Every law Congress has passed
97,863 laws from 1789 to 2026, as printed in the Statutes at Large, the official record of every act of Congress. 51,799 are public laws; 46,064 are private laws, which apply to named people or places, such as pensions, land claims and relief from debts.
1,365 laws of the 80th Congress, 1947–1949
An Act To Authorize the exchange of lands acquired by the United States for the Silver Creek recreational demonstration project, Oregon, for the purpose of consolidating holdings therein, and for other purposes.
Ch. 100 · 61 Stat. 129 · June 9, 1947 · Original text
An Act To provide for the reincorporation of Export-Import Bank of Washington, and for other purposes.
Ch. 101 · 61 Stat. 130 · June 9, 1947 · Original text
An Act To authorize an adequate White House Police force.
Ch. 102 · 61 Stat. 132 · June 9, 1947 · Original text
Joint Resolution Authorizing the Administrator of Veterans’ Affairs to continue and establish offices in the territory of the Republic of the Philippines.
Ch. 103 · 61 Stat. 132 · June 14, 1947 · Original text
An Act To amend sections 3533 and 3536 of the Revised Statutes with respect to deviations in standard of ingots and weight of silver coins.
Ch. 104 · 61 Stat. 132 · June 14, 1947 · Original text
An Act To extend until June 30, 1949, the period of time during which persons may serve in certain executive departments and agencies without being prohibited from acting as counsel, agent, or attorney for prosecuting claims against the United States by reason of having so served.
Ch. 105 · 61 Stat. 133 · June 14, 1947 · Original text
An Act To extend for one year certain provisions of section 100 of the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944, as amended, relating to the authority of the Administrator of Veterans’ Affairs to enter into leases for periods not exceeding five years.
Ch. 106 · 61 Stat. 133 · June 14, 1947 · Original text
An Act To authorize the Secretary of the Interior to grant a private right-of-way to Roscoe L. Wood.
Ch. 107 · 61 Stat. 968 · June 14, 1947 · Private law · Original text
Joint Resolution To prepare a revised edition of the Annotated Constitution of the United States of America as published in 1938 as Senate Document 232 of the Seventy-fourth Congress.
Ch. 108 · 61 Stat. 133 · June 17, 1947 · Original text
An Act To amend section 17 of the Pay Readjustment Act of 1942, so as to increase the pay of cadets and midshipmen at the service academies, and for other purposes.
Ch. 109 · 61 Stat. 134 · June 20, 1947 · Original text
An Act For the relief of Blanche E. Broad.
Ch. 110 · 61 Stat. 969 · June 20, 1947 · Private law · Original text
An Act To make criminally liable persons who negligently allow prisoners in their custody to escape.
Ch. 111 · 61 Stat. 134 · June 21, 1947 · Original text
An Act To amend the Civil Service Retirement Act of May 29, 1830, as amended, so as to extend the benefits of such Act to the Official Reporters of Debates in the Senate and persons employed by them in connection with the performance of their duties as such reporters.
Ch. 112 · 61 Stat. 135 · June 21, 1947 · Original text
An Act To grant to the Arthur Alexander Post Numbered 68, The American Legion, of Belzoni, Mississippi, all of the reversionary interest reserved to the United States in lands conveyed to said post pursuant to Act of Congress approved June 29, 1938.
Ch. 113 · 61 Stat. 135 · June 21, 1947 · Original text
An Act To amend the Act entitled “An Act to provide that the United States shall aid the States in the construction of rural post roads, and for other purposes”, approved July 11, 1916, as amended and supplemented, and for other purposes.
Ch. 114 · 61 Stat. 136 · June 21, 1947 · Original text
An Act For the relief of Joseph Ochrimowski.
Ch. 115 · 61 Stat. 969 · June 21, 1947 · Private law · Original text
An Act For the relief of Mrs. Ida Elma Franklin.
Ch. 116 · 61 Stat. 969 · June 21, 1947 · Private law · Original text
An Act For the relief of Elwood L. Keeler.
Ch. 117 · 61 Stat. 970 · June 21, 1947 · Private law · Original text
An Act For the relief of Therese R. Cohen.
Ch. 118 · 61 Stat. 970 · June 21, 1947 · Private law · Original text
An Act For the relief of the legal guardian of Gilda Cowan, a minor.
Ch. 119 · 61 Stat. 970 · June 21, 1947 · Private law · Original text
Labor Management Relations Act, 1947
An Act To amend the National Labor Relations Act, to provide additional facilities for the mediation of labor disputes affecting commerce, to equalize legal responsibilities of labor organizations and employers, and for other purposes.
Ch. 120 · 61 Stat. 136 · June 23, 1947 · Original text
An Act To provide for emergency flood-control work made necessary by recent floods, and for other purposes.
Ch. 121 · 61 Stat. 163 · June 23, 1947 · Original text
An Act For the relief of Marion O. Cassady.
Ch. 122 · 61 Stat. 971 · June 23, 1947 · Private law · Original text
An Act For the relief of Eva Bilobran.
Ch. 123 · 61 Stat. 971 · June 23, 1947 · Private law · Original text
An Act To amend the Act entitled “An Act to provide for a permanent Census Office”, approved March 6, 1902 as amended (the collection and publication of statistical information by the Bureau of the Census).
Ch. 124 · 61 Stat. 163 · June 25, 1947 · Original text
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
An Act To regulate the marketing of economic poisons and devices, and for other purposes.
Ch. 125 · 61 Stat. 163 · June 25, 1947 · Original text
An Act To authorize the Secretary of the Interior to convey certain lands within theShiloh National Military Park, Tennessee, and for other purposes.
Ch. 126 · 61 Stat. 173 · June 25, 1947 · Original text
An Act To authorize the patenting of certain public lands to the State of Montana or to the Board of County Commissioners of Hill County, Montana, for public-park purposes.
Ch. 127 · 61 Stat. 173 · June 25, 1947 · Original text
An Act To provide for the addition of certain surplus Government lands to the Otter Creek Recreational Demonstration Area, in the State of Kentucky.
Ch. 128 · 61 Stat. 174 · June 25, 1947 · Original text
An Act To grant a certain water right and a certain parcel of land in Clark County, Nevada, to the city of Las Vegas, Nevada.
Ch. 129 · 61 Stat. 176 · June 25, 1947 · Original text
An Act To authorize the Secretary of the Interior to contract with the Mancos Water Conservancy District increasing the reimbursable construction cost obligation of the district to the United States for construction of the Mancos project and extending the repayment period.
Ch. 130 · 61 Stat. 176 · June 25, 1947 · Original text
Forest Pest Control Act
An Act To provide for the protection of forests against destructive insects and diseases, and for other purposes.
Ch. 141 · 61 Stat. 177 · June 25, 1947 · Original text
Joint Resolution Authorizing the erection on public grounds in the city of Washington, District of Columbia, of a memorial to the dead of the First Infantry Division, United States Forces, World War II.
Ch. 142 · 61 Stat. 178 · June 25, 1947 · Original text
Joint Resolution To extend the time for the release, free of estate and gift tax, of certain powers, and for other purposes.
Ch. 143 · 61 Stat. 178 · June 25, 1947 · Original text
An Act To amend section 115 of the Internal Revenue Code in respect of distributions by personal holding companies.
Ch. 144 · 61 Stat. 179 · June 25, 1947 · Original text
An Act To authorize payment of allowances to three inspectors of the Metropolitan Police force for the use of their privately owned motor vehicles, and for other purposes.
Ch. 145 · 61 Stat. 179 · June 25, 1947 · Original text
An Act To amend paragraph 8 of part VII, Veterans Regulation Numbered 1 (a), as amended, to authorize an appropriation of $3,000,000 as a revolving fund in lieu of $1,500,000 now authorized, and for other purposes.
Ch. 146 · 61 Stat. 180 · June 25, 1947 · Original text
An Act To amend further section 4 of the Public Debt Act of 1941, as amended, and clarify its application, and for other purposes.
Ch. 147 · 61 Stat. 180 · June 25, 1947 · Original text
An Act To authorize the construction, operation, and maintenance of the Paonia Federal reclamation project, Colorado.
Ch. 148 · 61 Stat. 181 · June 25, 1947 · Original text
An Act For the relief of Robert B. Jones.
Ch. 131 · 61 Stat. 972 · June 25, 1947 · Private law · Original text
An Act For the relief of Alva R. Moore.
Ch. 132 · 61 Stat. 972 · June 25, 1947 · Private law · Original text
An Act For the relief of John H. Gradwell.
Ch. 133 · 61 Stat. 973 · June 25, 1947 · Private law · Original text
An Act For the relief of Robert C. Birkes.
Ch. 134 · 61 Stat. 973 · June 25, 1947 · Private law · Original text
An Act For the relief of the legal guardian of Francis Eugene Hardin, a minor.
Ch. 135 · 61 Stat. 973 · June 25, 1947 · Private law · Original text
An Act For the relief of the estate of Rubert W. Alexander.
Ch. 136 · 61 Stat. 974 · June 25, 1947 · Private law · Original text
An Act For the relief of certain owners of land who suffered loss by fire in Lake Landing Township, Hyde County, North Carolina.
Ch. 137 · 61 Stat. 974 · June 25, 1947 · Private law · Original text
An Act For the relief of the estate of Thomas Gambacorto.
Ch. 138 · 61 Stat. 975 · June 25, 1947 · Private law · Original text
An Act For the relief of Colonel Frank R. Loyd.
Ch. 139 · 61 Stat. 976 · June 25, 1947 · Private law · Original text
An Act For the relief of the legal guardian of Sylvia De Cicco.
Ch. 140 · 61 Stat. 976 · June 25, 1947 · Private law · Original text
An Act To authorize the Secretary of War to permit the delivery of water from the District of Columbia and Arlington County water systems to the Falls Church or other water systems in the metropolitan area of the District of Columbia in Virginia.
Ch. 149 · 61 Stat. 181 · June 26, 1947 · Original text
An Act To admit the American-owned ferry Crosline to American registry and to permit its use in coastwise trade.
Ch. 150 · 61 Stat. 182 · June 26, 1947 · Original text
An Act To amend section 2 (a) of the National Housing Act, as amended.
Ch. 152 · 61 Stat. 182 · June 26, 1947 · Original text
An Act To declare the policy of the United States with respect to the allocation of costs of construction of the Coachella Division of the All-American Canal irrigation project, California.
Ch. 153 · 61 Stat. 183 · June 26, 1947 · Original text
An Act To authorize The Methodist Home of the District of Columbia to make certain changes in its certificate of incorporation with respect to stated objects.
Ch. 151 · 61 Stat. 976 · June 26, 1947 · Private law · Original text
An Act For the relief of A. A. Pelletier and P. C. Silk.
Ch. 154 · 61 Stat. 977 · June 26, 1947 · Private law · Original text
An Act For the relief of Southeastern Sand and Gravel Company.
Ch. 155 · 61 Stat. 977 · June 26, 1947 · Private law · Original text
Second Urgent Deficiency Appropriation Act, 1947
An Act Making appropriations to supply urgent deficiencies in certain appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1947, and for other purposes.
Ch. 156 · 61 Stat. 183 · June 27, 1947 · Original text
An Act To continue a system of nurseries and nursery schools for the day care of school-age and under-school-age children in the District of Columbia through June 30, 1948, and for other purposes.
Ch. 157 · 61 Stat. 188 · June 27, 1947 · Original text
An Act Authorizing certain agreements with respect to rights in helium-bearing gas lands in the Navajo Indian Reservation, New Mexico, and for other purposes.
Ch. 158 · 61 Stat. 189 · June 27, 1947 · Original text
Joint Resolution To strengthen the common defense and to meet industrial needs for tin by providing for the maintenance of a domestic tin-smelting industry.
Ch. 159 · 61 Stat. 190 · June 28, 1947 · Original text
An Act To extend the period of validity of the Act to facilitate the admission into the United States of the alien fiancees or fiances of members of the armed forces of the United States.
Ch. 160 · 61 Stat. 190 · June 28, 1947 · Original text
An Act To continue temporary authority of the Maritime Commission until March 1, 1948.
Ch. 161 · 61 Stat. 190 · June 28, 1947 · Original text
An Act To stimulate volunteer enlistments in the Regular Military Establishment of the United States.
Ch. 162 · 61 Stat. 191 · June 28, 1947 · Original text
Housing and Rent Act of 1947
An Act Relative to maximum rents on housing accommodations; to repeal certain provisions of Public Law 388, Seventy-ninth Congress, and for other purposes.
Ch. 163 · 61 Stat. 193 · June 30, 1947 · Original text
An Act To continue the Commodity Credit Corporation as an agency of the United States until June 30, 1948.
Ch. 164 · 61 Stat. 201 · June 30, 1947 · Original text
An Act To extend until July 1, 1949, the period during which income from agricultural labor and nursing services may be disregarded by the States in making old-age assistance payments without prejudicing their rights to grants-in-aid under the Social Security Act.
Ch. 165 · 61 Stat. 202 · June 30, 1947 · Original text
Joint Resolution To extend the succession, lending powers, and the functions of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation.
Ch. 166 · 61 Stat. 202 · June 30, 1947 · Original text
Joint Resolution To recognize uncompensated services rendered the Nation under the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940, as amended, and for other purposes.
Ch. 167 · 61 Stat. 210 · June 30, 1947 · Original text
An Act To permit certain naval personnel to count all active service rendered under temporary appointment as warrant or commissioned officers in the United States Navy and the United States Naval Reserve, or in the United States Marine Corps and the United States Marine Corps Reserve, for purposes of promotion to commissioned warrant officer in the United States Navy or the United States Marine Corps, respectively.
Ch. 168 · 61 Stat. 210 · June 30, 1947 · Original text
An Act To authorize the Secretary of the Navy to grant to the county of Pittsburg, Oklahoma, a perpetual easement for the construction, maintenance, and operation of a public highway over a portion of the United States naval ammunition depot, McAlester, Oklahoma.
Ch. 169 · 61 Stat. 210 · June 30, 1947 · Original text
An Act To amend the Act entitled “An Act authorizing the designation of Army mail clerks and assistant Army mail clerks”, approved August 21, 1941 (55 Stat. 656), and for other purposes.
Ch. 170 · 61 Stat. 211 · June 30, 1947 · Original text
An Act To authorize patenting of certain lands to Public Hospital District Numbered 2, Clallam County, Washington, for hospital purposes.
Ch. 171 · 61 Stat. 211 · June 30, 1947 · Original text
An Act To provide funds for cooperation with the school board of the Moclips-Aloha District for the construction and equipment of a new school building in the town of Moclips, Grays Harbor County, Washington, to be available to both Indian and non-Indian children.
Ch. 172 · 61 Stat. 211 · June 30, 1947 · Original text
An Act To authorize the Secretary of the Treasury to grant to the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore, State of Maryland, a permanent easement for the purpose of installing, maintaining, and servicing a subterranean water main in, on, and across the land of the United States Coast Guard station called “Lazaretto depot”, Baltimore, Maryland.
Ch. 173 · 61 Stat. 212 · June 30, 1947 · Original text
An Act To authorize the Secretary of the Interior to grant to the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore, State of Maryland, a permanent easement for the purpose of installing, maintaining, and servicing two subterranean water mains in, on, and across the land of Fort McHenry National Monument and Historic Shrine, Maryland.
Ch. 174 · 61 Stat. 212 · June 30, 1947 · Original text
An Act To authorize the attendance of the Marine Band at the Eighty-first National Encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic to be held in Cleveland, Ohio, August 10 to 14, 1947.
Ch. 175 · 61 Stat. 212 · June 30, 1947 · Original text
An Act Providing for the suspension of annual assessment work on mining claims held by location in the Territory of Alaska.
Ch. 181 · 61 Stat. 213 · June 30, 1947 · Original text
An Act To amend the Bankruptcy Act with respect to qualifications of part-time referees in bankruptcy.
Ch. 182 · 61 Stat. 213 · June 30, 1947 · Original text
Joint Resolution To provide for permanent rates of postage on mail matter of the first class, and for other purposes.
Ch. 183 · 61 Stat. 213 · June 30, 1947 · Original text
Joint Resolution To continue for a temporary period of fifteen days certain controls now exercised by the President under the Second War Powers Act, 1942, and under the Export Control Act.
Ch. 184 · 61 Stat. 214 · June 30, 1947 · Original text
Joint Resolution Authorizing the presentation of the Distinguished Flying Cross to Rear Admiral Charles E. Rosendahl, United States Navy.
Ch. 176 · 61 Stat. 978 · June 30, 1947 · Private law · Original text
Joint Resolution Authorizing the President to issue posthumously to the late Roy Stanley Geiger, lieutenant general, United States Marine Corps, a commission as general, United States Marine Corps, and for other purposes.
Ch. 177 · 61 Stat. 978 · June 30, 1947 · Private law · Original text
An Act For the relief of Claude R. Hall and Florence V. Hall.
Ch. 178 · 61 Stat. 978 · June 30, 1947 · Private law · Original text
An Act For the relief of Mrs. Fuku Kurokawa Thurn.
Ch. 179 · 61 Stat. 979 · June 30, 1947 · Private law · Original text
An Act For the relief of Mrs. Frederick Faber Wesche (formerly Ann Maureen Bell).
Ch. 180 · 61 Stat. 979 · June 30, 1947 · Private law · Original text
Joint Resolution Providing for membership and participation by the United States in the International Refugee Organization and authorizing an appropriation therefor.
Ch. 185 · 61 Stat. 214 · July 1, 1947 · Original text
Treasury and Post Office Departments Appropriation Act, 1948
An Act Making appropriations for the Treasury and Post Office Departments for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1948, and for other purposes.
Ch. 186 · 61 Stat. 216 · July 1, 1947 · Original text
An Act To preserve historic graveyards in abandoned military posts.
Ch. 187 · 61 Stat. 234 · July 1, 1947 · Original text
An Act To amend the Act entitled “An Act to provide for the management and operation of naval plantations, outside the continental United States”, approved June 28, 1944.
Ch. 188 · 61 Stat. 234 · July 1, 1947 · Original text
An Act To authorize the Secretary of the Navy to appoint, for supply duty only, officers of the line of the Marine Corps, and for other purposes.
Ch. 189 · 61 Stat. 235 · July 1, 1947 · Original text
An Act To amend the Acts of October 14, 1942 (56 Stat. 786), as amended, and November 28, 1943 (57 Stat. 593), as amended, so as to authorize transportation of dependents and household effects of personnel of the Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard to overseas bases.
Ch. 190 · 61 Stat. 236 · July 1, 1947 · Original text
An Act Relinquishing to the State of Illinois certain right, title, or interest of the United States of America, and for other purposes.
Ch. 191 · 61 Stat. 237 · July 1, 1947 · Original text
An Act To amend existing laws relating to military leave of certain employees of the United States or of the District of Columbia so as to equalize rights to leave of absence and reemployment for such employees who are members of the Enlisted or Officers’ Reserve Corps, the National Guard or the Naval Reserve, and for other purposes.
Ch. 192 · 61 Stat. 238 · July 1, 1947 · Original text
An Act To provide seniority benefits for certain officers and members of the Metropolitan Police force and of the Fire Department of the District of Columbia who are veterans of World War II and lost opportunity for promotion by reason of their service in the armed forces of the United States.
Ch. 193 · 61 Stat. 240 · July 1, 1947 · Original text
An Act To correct an error in section 342 (b) (8) of the Nationality Act of 1940, as amended.
Ch. 194 · 61 Stat. 240 · July 1, 1947 · Original text
Joint Resolution To grant authority for the erection of a permanent building for the American National Red Cross, District of Columbia Chapter, Washington, District of Columbia.
Ch. 195 · 61 Stat. 241 · July 1, 1947 · Original text
Joint Resolution Authorizing the erection in the District of Columbia of a memorial to the Marine Corps dead of all wars.
Ch. 196 · 61 Stat. 242 · July 1, 1947 · Original text
An Act To further amend section 10 of the Pay Readjustment Act of 1942, so as to provide for the clothing allowance of enlisted men of the Army, Marine Corps, and Marine Corps Reserve.
Ch. 202 · 61 Stat. 242 · July 1, 1947 · Original text
An Act To authorize the Secretary of War and the Secretary of the Navy to pay certain expenses incident to training, attendance, and participation of personnel of the Army of the United States and of the naval service, respectively, in the Seventh Winter Sports Olympic Games and the Fourteenth Olympic Games and for future Olympic games.
Ch. 203 · 61 Stat. 243 · July 1, 1947 · Original text
An Act For the relief of Allen T. Feamster, Junior.
Ch. 197 · 61 Stat. 979 · July 1, 1947 · Private law · Original text
By Congress
- 119th 2025 · 136
- 118th 2023 · 274
- 117th 2021 · 365
- 116th 2019 · 344
- 115th 2017 · 443
- 114th 2015 · 329
- 113th 2013 · 296
- 112th 2011 · 284
- 111th 2009 · 385
- 110th 2007 · 460
- 109th 2005 · 483
- 108th 2003 · 504
- 107th 2001 · 337
- 106th 1999 · 604
- 105th 1997 · 404
- 104th 1995 · 337
- 103rd 1993 · 473
- 102nd 1991 · 610
- 101st 1989 · 666
- 100th 1987 · 761
- 99th 1985 · 688
- 98th 1983 · 677
- 97th 1981 · 529
- 96th 1979 · 736
- 95th 1977 · 805
- 94th 1975 · 729
- 93rd 1973 · 774
- 92nd 1971 · 769
- 91st 1969 · 942
- 90th 1967 · 1,002
- 89th 1965 · 1,283
- 88th 1963 · 1,026
- 87th 1961 · 1,573
- 86th 1959 · 1,292
- 85th 1957 · 1,721
- 84th 1955 · 1,909
- 83rd 1953 · 1,784
- 82nd 1951 · 1,640
- 81st 1949 · 2,000
- 80th 1947 · 1,365
- 79th 1945 · 1,626
- 78th 1943 · 1,157
- 77th 1941 · 1,489
- 76th 1939 · 1,659
- 75th 1937 · 1,760
- 74th 1935 · 1,724
- 73rd 1933 · 975
- 72nd 1931 · 861
- 71st 1929 · 1,506
- 70th 1927 · 1,722
- 69th 1925 · 1,423
- 68th 1923 · 996
- 67th 1921 · 930
- 66th 1919 · 594
- 65th 1917 · 453
- 64th 1915 · 684
- 63rd 1913 · 700
- 62nd 1911 · 717
- 61st 1909 · 881
- 60th 1907 · 621
- 59th 1905 · 7,020
- 58th 1903 · 4,043
- 57th 1901 · 2,773
- 56th 1899 · 1,959
- 55th 1897 · 1,438
- 54th 1895 · 947
- 53rd 1893 · 712
- 52nd 1891 · 721
- 51st 1889 · 2,188
- 50th 1887 · 1,824
- 49th 1885 · 1,452
- 48th 1883 · 970
- 47th 1881 · 761
- 46th 1879 · 650
- 45th 1877 · 746
- 44th 1875 · 578
- 43rd 1873 · 859
- 42nd 1871 · 1,014
- 41st 1869 · 771
- 40th 1867 · 769
- 39th 1865 · 715
- 38th 1863 · 516
- 37th 1861 · 526
- 36th 1859 · 382
- 35th 1857 · 314
- 34th 1855 · 435
- 33rd 1853 · 540
- 32nd 1851 · 308
- 31st 1849 · 171
- 30th 1847 · 456
- 29th 1845 · 356
- 28th 1843 · 279
- 27th 1841 · 525
- 26th 1839 · 147
- 25th 1837 · 533
- 24th 1835 · 459
- 23rd 1833 · 392
- 22nd 1831 · 461
- 21st 1829 · 370
- 20th 1827 · 234
- 19th 1825 · 269
- 18th 1823 · 337
- 17th 1821 · 237
- 16th 1819 · 210
- 15th 1817 · 262
- 14th 1815 · 305
- 13th 1813 · 271
- 12th 1811 · 208
- 11th 1809 · 119
- 10th 1807 · 106
- 9th 1805 · 110
- 8th 1803 · 112
- 7th 1801 · 96
- 6th 1799 · 115
- 5th 1797 · 157
- 4th 1795 · 86
- 3rd 1793 · 133
- 2nd 1791 · 80
- 1st 1789 · 119
From the U.S. Statutes at Large, volumes 1 through 138, published by the Government Publishing Office on GovInfo; laws signed since the latest printed volume come from GovInfo’s public and private law files. Treaties, proclamations and concurrent resolutions, which share those volumes, are not laws and are left out. The oldest volumes were digitized from print, so a few dates could not be read; for those we show the year from the laws printed alongside. Short names come from each law’s own “may be cited as” clause.