Every law Congress has passed

504 laws of the 108th Congress, 2003–2005

1. An Act To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 10 West Prospect Street in Nanuet, New York, as the “Anthony I. Lombardi Memorial Post Office Building”.

   Public Law 108-397 · 118 Stat. 2251 · October 30, 2004 · Original text

2. An Act To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 19504 Linden Boulevard in St. Albans, New York, as the “Archie Spigner Post Office Building”.

   Public Law 108-398 · 118 Stat. 2252 · October 30, 2004 · Original text

3. An Act To amend the Federal Water Pollution Control Act to reauthorize the National Estuary Program.

   Public Law 108-399 · 118 Stat. 2253 · October 30, 2004 · Original text

4. An Act To amend the Colorado Canyons National Conservation Area and Black Ridge Canyons Wilderness Act of 2000 to rename the Colorado Canyons National Conservation Area as the McInnis Canyons National Conservation Area.

   Public Law 108-400 · 118 Stat. 2254 · October 30, 2004 · Original text

5. Federal Regulatory Improvement Act of 2004

   An Act To amend title 5, United States Code, to authorize appropriations for the Administrative Conference of the United States for fiscal years 2005, 2006, and 2007, and for other purposes.

   Public Law 108-401 · 118 Stat. 2255 · October 30, 2004 · Original text

6. An Act To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 411 Midway Avenue in Mascotte, Florida, as the “Specialist Eric Ramirez Post Office”.

   Public Law 108-402 · 118 Stat. 2257 · October 30, 2004 · Original text

7. An Act To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at United States Route 1 in Ridgeway, North Carolina, as the “Eva Holtzman Post Office”.

   Public Law 108-403 · 118 Stat. 2258 · October 30, 2004 · Original text

8. An Act To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 1001 Williams Street in Ignacio, Colorado, as the “Leonard C. Burch Post Office Building”.

   Public Law 108-404 · 118 Stat. 2259 · October 30, 2004 · Original text

9. Justice for All Act of 2004

   An Act To protect crime victims’ rights, to eliminate the substantial backlog of DNA samples collected from crime scenes and convicted offenders, to improve and expand the DNA testing capacity of Federal, State, and local crime laboratories, to increase research and development of new DNA testing technologies, to develop new training programs regarding the collection and use of DNA evidence, to provide post-conviction testing of DNA evidence to exonerate the innocent, to improve the performance of counsel in State capital cases, and for other purposes.

   Public Law 108-405 · 118 Stat. 2260 · October 30, 2004 · Original text

10. Special Olympics Sport and Empowerment Act of 2004

    An Act To provide assistance to Special Olympics to support expansion of Special Olympics and development of education programs and a Healthy Athletes Program, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-406 · 118 Stat. 2294 · October 30, 2004 · Original text

11. An Act To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 11110 Sunset Hills Road in Reston, Virginia, as the “Martha Pennino Post Office Building”.

    Public Law 108-407 · 118 Stat. 2297 · October 30, 2004 · Original text

12. An Act To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 23055 Sherman Way in West Hills, California, as the “Evan Asa Ashcraft Post Office Building”.

    Public Law 108-408 · 118 Stat. 2298 · October 30, 2004 · Original text

13. Taxpayer-Teacher Protection Act of 2004

    An Act To reduce certain special allowance payments and provide additional teacher loan forgiveness on Federal student loans.

    Public Law 108-409 · 118 Stat. 2299 · October 30, 2004 · Original text

14. John F. Kennedy Center Reauthorization Act of 2004

    An Act To amend the John F. Kennedy Center Act to authorize appropriations for the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-410 · 118 Stat. 2303 · October 30, 2004 · Original text

15. Federal Workforce Flexibility Act of 2004

    An Act To provide for reform relating to Federal employment, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-411 · 118 Stat. 2305 · October 30, 2004 · Original text

16. An Act To require the Secretary of Agriculture to establish a program to provide assistance to eligible weed management entities to control or eradicate noxious weeds on public and private land.

    Public Law 108-412 · 118 Stat. 2320 · October 30, 2004 · Original text

17. Hibben Center Act

    An Act To authorize the Secretary of the Interior, in cooperation with the University of New Mexico, to construct and occupy a portion of the Hibben Center for Archaeological Research at the University of New Mexico, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-413 · 118 Stat. 2325 · October 30, 2004 · Original text

18. Mentally Ill Offender Treatment and Crime Reduction Act of 2004

    An Act To foster local collaborations which will ensure that resources are effectively and efficiently used within the criminal and juvenile justice systems.

    Public Law 108-414 · 118 Stat. 2327 · October 30, 2004 · Original text

19. An Act To amend title 31 of the United States Code to increase the public debt limit.

    Public Law 108-415 · 118 Stat. 2337 · November 19, 2004 · Original text

20. Joint Resolution Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2005, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-416 · 118 Stat. 2338 · November 21, 2004 · Original text

21. An Act To authorize an exchange of land at Fort Frederica National Monument, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-417 · November 30, 2004

22. An Act To amend the Reclamation Projects Authorization and Adjustment Act of 1992 to increase the Federal share of the costs of the San Gabriel Basin demonstration project.

    Public Law 108-418 · November 30, 2004

23. Copyright Royalty and Distribution Reform Act of 2004

    An Act To amend title 17, United States Code, to replace copyright arbitration royalty panels with Copyright Royalty Judges, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-419 · 118 Stat. 2341 · November 30, 2004 · Original text

24. California Missions Preservation Act

    An Act To support the efforts of the California Missions Foundation to restore and repair the Spanish colonial and mission-era missions in the State of California and to preserve the artworks and artifacts of these missions, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-420 · 118 Stat. 2372 · November 30, 2004 · Original text

25. <Highlands Conservation Act>

    An Act To assist the States of Connecticut, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania in conserving priority lands and natural resources in the Highlands region, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-421 · 118 Stat. 2375 · November 30, 2004 · Original text

26. Veterans Health Programs Improvement Act of 2004

    An Act To amend title 38, United States Code, to increase the authorization of appropriations for grants to benefit homeless veterans, to improve programs for management and administration of veterans’ facilities and health care programs, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-422 · 118 Stat. 2379 · November 30, 2004 · Original text

27. Department of Energy High-End Computing Revitalization Act of 2004

    An Act To require the Secretary of Energy to carry out a program of research and development to advance high-end computing.

    Public Law 108-423 · 118 Stat. 2400 · November 30, 2004 · Original text

28. Lincoln County Conservation, Recreation, and Development Act of 2004

    An Act To establish wilderness areas, promote conservation, improve public land, and provide for the high quality development in Lincoln County, Nevada, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-424 · 118 Stat. 2403 · November 30, 2004 · Original text

29. An Act To amend the Tijuana River Valley Estuary and Beach Sewage Cleanup Act of 2000 to extend the authorization of appropriations, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-425 · 118 Stat. 2420 · November 30, 2004 · Original text

30. Norman Y. Mineta Research and Special Programs Improvement Act

    An Act To amend title 49, United States Code, to provide the Department of Transportation a more focused research organization with an emphasis on innovative technology, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-426 · 118 Stat. 2423 · November 30, 2004 · Original text

31. <Research Review Act of 2004>

    An Act To expand research information regarding multidisciplinary research projects and epidemiological studies.

    Public Law 108-427 · 118 Stat. 2430 · November 30, 2004 · Original text

32. An Act To extend the liability indemnification regime for the commercial space transportation industry.

    Public Law 108-428 · 118 Stat. 2432 · November 30, 2004 · Original text

33. An Act For the relief of Rocco A. Trecosta of Fort Lauderdale, Florida.

    Private Law 108-5 · December 3, 2004 · Private law

34. Joint Resolution Appointing the day for the convening of the first session of the One Hundred Ninth Congress.

    Public Law 108-433 · 118 Stat. 1 · December 3, 2004 · Original text

35. Miscellaneous Trade and Technical Corrections Act of 2004

    An Act To amend the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States to modify temporarily certain rates of duty, to make other technical amendments to the trade laws, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-429 · 118 Stat. 2434 · December 3, 2004 · Original text

36. Petrified Forest National Park Expansion Act of 2004

    An Act To revise the boundary of the Petrified Forest National Park in the State of Arizona, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-430 · 118 Stat. 2606 · December 3, 2004 · Original text

37. An Act To reaffirm the inherent sovereign rights of the Osage Tribe to determine its membership and form of government.

    Public Law 108-431 · 118 Stat. 2609 · December 3, 2004 · Original text

38. Joint Resolution Recognizing the 60th anniversary of the Battle of the Bulge during World War II.

    Public Law 108-432 · 118 Stat. 2611 · December 3, 2004 · Original text

39. Joint Resolution Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2005, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-434 · 118 Stat. 2614 · December 3, 2004 · Original text

40. Internet Tax Nondiscrimination Act

    An Act To make permanent the moratorium on taxes on Internet access and multiple and discriminatory taxes on electronic commerce imposed by the Internet Tax Freedom Act.

    Public Law 108-435 · 118 Stat. 2615 · December 3, 2004 · Original text

41. Idaho Panhandle National Forest Improvement Act of 2004

    An Act To authorize the Secretary of Agriculture to sell or exchange all or part of certain parcels of National Forest System land in the State of Idaho and use the proceeds derived from the sale or exchange for National Forest System purposes.

    Public Law 108-436 · 118 Stat. 2620 · December 3, 2004 · Original text

42. Three Affiliated Tribes Health Facility Compensation Act

    An Act To implement the recommendations of the Garrison Unit Joint Tribal Advisory Committee by providing authorization for the construction of a rural health care facility on the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation, North Dakota.

    Public Law 108-437 · 118 Stat. 2623 · December 3, 2004 · Original text

43. Kate Mullany National Historic Site Act

    An Act To establish the Kate Mullany National Historic Site in the State of New York, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-438 · 118 Stat. 2625 · December 3, 2004 · Original text

44. An Act To authorize additional appropriations for the Reclamation Safety of Dams Act of 1978.

    Public Law 108-439 · 118 Stat. 2627 · December 3, 2004 · Original text

45. An Act To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 3150 Great Northern Avenue in Missoula, Montana, as the “Mike Mansfield Post Office”.

    Public Law 108-440 · 118 Stat. 2629 · December 3, 2004 · Original text

46. An Act To improve access to physicians in medically underserved areas.

    Public Law 108-441 · 118 Stat. 2630 · December 3, 2004 · Original text

47. An Act To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 1050 North Hills Boulevard in Reno, Nevada, as the “Guardians of Freedom Memorial Post Office Building” and to authorize the installation of a plaque at such site, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-442 · 118 Stat. 2632 · December 3, 2004 · Original text

48. An Act To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 1475 Western Avenue, Suite 45, in Albany, New York, as the “Lieutenant John F. Finn Post Office”.

    Public Law 108-443 · 118 Stat. 2634 · December 3, 2004 · Original text

49. An Act To amend the Livestock Mandatory Price Reporting Act of 1999 to modify the termination date for mandatory price reporting.

    Public Law 108-444 · 118 Stat. 2635 · December 3, 2004 · Original text

50. Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care Personnel Enhancement Act of 2004

    An Act To amend title 38, United States Code, to simplify and improve pay provisions for physicians and dentists and to authorize alternate work schedules and executive pay for nurses, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-445 · 118 Stat. 2636 · December 3, 2004 · Original text

51. Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004

    An Act To reauthorize the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-446 · 118 Stat. 2647 · December 3, 2004 · Original text

52. Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2005

    An Act Making appropriations for foreign operations, export financing, and related programs for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2005, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-447 · 118 Stat. 2809 · December 8, 2004 · Original text

53. An Act To amend title XIX of the Social Security Act to extend medicare cost-sharing for the medicare part B premium for qualifying individuals through September 2005.

    Public Law 108-448 · 118 Stat. 3467 · December 8, 2004 · Original text

54. An Act To amend and extend the Irish Peace Process Cultural and Training Program Act of 1998.

    Public Law 108-449 · 118 Stat. 3469 · December 10, 2004 · Original text

55. District of Columbia Mental Health Civil Commitment Modernization Act of 2004

    An Act To amend title 21, District of Columbia Official Code, to enact the provisions of the Mental Health Civil Commitment Act of 2002 which affect the Commission on Mental Health and require action by Congress in order to take effect.

    Public Law 108-450 · 118 Stat. 3472 · December 10, 2004 · Original text

56. Arizona Water Settlements Act

    An Act To provide for adjustments to the Central Arizona Project in Arizona, to authorize the Gila River Indian Community water rights settlement, to reauthorize and amend the Southern Arizona Water Rights Settlement Act of 1982, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-451 · 118 Stat. 3478 · December 10, 2004 · Original text

57. Alaska Land Transfer Acceleration Act

    An Act To facilitate the transfer of land in the State of Alaska, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-452 · 118 Stat. 3575 · December 10, 2004 · Original text

58. Cooperative Research and Technology Enhancement (CREATE) Act of 2004

    An Act To amend title 35, United States Code, to promote cooperative research involving universities, the public sector, and private enterprises.

    Public Law 108-453 · 118 Stat. 3596 · December 10, 2004 · Original text

59. Veterans Benefits Improvement Act of 2004

    An Act To amend title 38, United States Code, to improve and extend housing, education, and other benefits under the laws administered by the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-454 · 118 Stat. 3598 · December 10, 2004 · Original text

60. An Act To extend the authority of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Iowa to hold court in Rock Island, Illinois.

    Public Law 108-455 · 118 Stat. 3628 · December 10, 2004 · Original text

61. An Act To reauthorize the Harmful Algal Bloom and Hypoxia Research and Control Act of 1998, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-456 · 118 Stat. 3630 · December 10, 2004 · Original text

62. An Act To amend the District of Columbia College Access Act of 1999 to reauthorize for 2 additional years the public school and private school tuition assistance programs established under the Act.

    Public Law 108-457 · 118 Stat. 3637 · December 17, 2004 · Original text

63. Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004

    An Act To reform the intelligence community and the intelligence and intelligence-related activities of the United States Government, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-458 · 118 Stat. 3638 · December 17, 2004 · Original text

64. An Act To redesignate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 747 Broadway in Albany, New York, as the “United States Postal Service Henry Johnson Annex”.

    Public Law 108-459 · 118 Stat. 3873 · December 21, 2004 · Original text

65. An Act To provide for the conveyance of Federal lands, improvements, equipment, and resource materials at the Oxford Research Station in Granville County, North Carolina, to the State of North Carolina.

    Public Law 108-460 · 118 Stat. 3874 · December 21, 2004 · Original text

66. An Act To designate the United States courthouse located at 125 Bull Street in Savannah, Georgia, as the “Tomochichi United States Courthouse”.

    Public Law 108-461 · 118 Stat. 3875 · December 21, 2004 · Original text

67. An Act To designate the facility of the United States Geological Survey and the United States Bureau of Reclamation located at 230 Collins Road, Boise, Idaho, as the “F.H. Newell Building”.

    Public Law 108-462 · 118 Stat. 3876 · December 21, 2004 · Original text

68. An Act To designate the Federal building located at 324 Twenty-Fifth Street in Ogden, Utah, as the “James V. Hansen Federal Building”.

    Public Law 108-463 · 118 Stat. 3877 · December 21, 2004 · Original text

69. Benjamin Franklin Commemorative Coin Act

    An Act To require the Secretary of the Treasury to mint coins in commemoration of the tercentenary of the birth of Benjamin Franklin, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-464 · 118 Stat. 3878 · December 21, 2004 · Original text

70. Specialty Crops Competitiveness Act of 2004

    An Act To ensure an abundant and affordable supply of highly nutritious fruits, vegetables, and other specialty crops for American consumers and international markets by enhancing the competitiveness of United States-grown specialty crops, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-465 · 118 Stat. 3882 · December 21, 2004 · Original text

71. An Act To designate the Federal building located at Fifth and Richardson Avenues in Roswell, New Mexico, as the “Joe Skeen Federal Building”.

    Public Law 108-466 · 118 Stat. 3888 · December 21, 2004 · Original text

72. An Act To designate the Federal building and United States courthouse located at 615 East Houston Street in San Antonio, Texas, as the “Hipolito F. Garcia Federal Building and United States Courthouse”.

    Public Law 108-467 · 118 Stat. 3889 · December 21, 2004 · Original text

73. An Act To redesignate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 4025 Feather Lakes Way in Kingwood, Texas, as the “Congressman Jack Fields Post Office”.

    Public Law 108-468 · 118 Stat. 3890 · December 21, 2004 · Original text

74. Thrift Savings Plan Open Elections Act of 2004

    An Act To amend chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, to provide for Federal employees to make elections to make, modify, and terminate contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund at any time, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-469 · 118 Stat. 3891 · December 21, 2004 · Original text

75. An Act To confirm the authority of the Secretary of Agriculture to collect approved State commodity assessments on behalf of the State from the proceeds of marketing assistance loans.

    Public Law 108-470 · 118 Stat. 3894 · December 21, 2004 · Original text

76. An Act To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 140 Sacramento Street in Rio Vista, California, as the “Adam G. Kinser Post Office Building”.

    Public Law 108-471 · 118 Stat. 3895 · December 21, 2004 · Original text

77. An Act To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 560 Bay Isles Road in Longboat Key, Florida, as the “Lieutenant General James V. Edmundson Post Office Building”.

    Public Law 108-472 · 118 Stat. 3896 · December 21, 2004 · Original text

78. An Act To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 25 McHenry Street in Rosine, Kentucky, as the “Bill Monroe Post Office”.

    Public Law 108-473 · 118 Stat. 3897 · December 21, 2004 · Original text

79. American History and Civics Education Act of 2004

    An Act To authorize grants to establish academies for teachers and students of American history and civics, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-474 · 118 Stat. 3898 · December 21, 2004 · Original text

80. An Act To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 5505 Stevens Way in San Diego, California, as the “Earl B. Gilliam/Imperial Avenue Post Office Building”.

    Public Law 108-475 · 118 Stat. 3900 · December 21, 2004 · Original text

81. An Act To treat certain arrangements maintained by the YMCA Retirement Fund as church plans for the purposes of certain provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-476 · 118 Stat. 3901 · December 21, 2004 · Original text

82. An Act To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 4985 Moorhead Avenue in Boulder, Colorado, as the “Donald G. Brotzman Post Office Building”.

    Public Law 108-477 · 118 Stat. 3903 · December 21, 2004 · Original text

83. An Act To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 103 East Kleberg in Kingsville, Texas, as the “Irma Rangel Post Office Building”.

    Public Law 108-478 · 118 Stat. 3904 · December 21, 2004 · Original text

84. Joint Resolution Recognizing the 60th anniversary of the Battle of Peleliu and the end of Imperial Japanese control of Palau during World War II and urging the Secretary of the Interior to work to protect the historic sites of the Peleliu Battlefield National Historic Landmark and to establish commemorative programs honoring the Americans who fought there.

    Public Law 108-479 · 118 Stat. 3905 · December 21, 2004 · Original text

85. An Act For the relief of Tanya Andrea Goudeau.

    Private Law 108-6 · December 23, 2004 · Private law

86. An Act To authorize funds for an educational center for the Castillo de San Marcos National Monument, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-480 · 118 Stat. 3907 · December 23, 2004 · Original text

87. Kilauea Point National Wildlife Refuge Expansion Act of 2004

    An Act To provide for the expansion of Kilauea Point National Wildlife Refuge.

    Public Law 108-481 · 118 Stat. 3910 · December 23, 2004 · Original text

88. Intellectual Property Protection and Courts Amendments Act of 2004

    An Act To prevent and punish counterfeiting of copyrighted copies and phonorecords, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-482 · 118 Stat. 3912 · December 23, 2004 · Original text

89. An Act To authorize the exchange of certain land in Everglades National Park.

    Public Law 108-483 · 118 Stat. 3919 · December 23, 2004 · Original text

90. Microenterprise Results and Accountability Act of 2004

    An Act To amend the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to improve the results and accountability of microenterprise development assistance programs, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-484 · 118 Stat. 3922 · December 23, 2004 · Original text

91. An Act To authorize the Secretary of Commerce to make available to the University of Miami property under the administrative jurisdiction of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration on Virginia Key, Florida, for use by the University for a Marine Life Science Center.

    Public Law 108-485 · 118 Stat. 3932 · December 23, 2004 · Original text

92. American Bald Eagle Recovery and National Emblem Commemorative Coin Act

    An Act To require the Secretary of the Treasury to mint coins celebrating the recovery and restoration of the American bald eagle, the national symbol of the United States, to America’s lands, waterways, and skies and the great importance of the designation of the American bald eagle as an “endangered” species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-486 · 118 Stat. 3934 · December 23, 2004 · Original text

93. An Act To authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2005 for intelligence and intelligence-related activities of the United States Government, the Community Management Account, and the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-487 · 118 Stat. 3939 · December 23, 2004 · Original text

94. An Act To provide for the development of a national plan for the control and management of Sudden Oak Death, a tree disease caused by the fungus-like pathogen Phytophthora ramorum, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-488 · 118 Stat. 3964 · December 23, 2004 · Original text

95. District of Columbia Retirement Protection Improvement Act of 2004

    An Act To amend the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 to improve the administration of Federal pension benefit payments for District of Columbia teachers, police officers, and fire fighters, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-489 · 118 Stat. 3966 · December 23, 2004 · Original text

96. An Act To amend section 340E of the Public Health Service Act (relating to children’s hospitals) to modify provisions regarding the determination of the amount of payments for indirect expenses associated with operating approved graduate medical residency training programs.

    Public Law 108-490 · 118 Stat. 3972 · December 23, 2004 · Original text

97. An Act To authorize salary adjustments for Justices and judges of the United States for fiscal year 2005.

    Public Law 108-491 · 118 Stat. 3973 · December 23, 2004 · Original text

98. Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 2004

    An Act To promote the development of the emerging commercial human space flight industry, and for other purposes.

    Public Law 108-492 · 118 Stat. 3974 · December 23, 2004 · Original text

99. An Act To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to modify the taxation of arrow components.

    Public Law 108-493 · 118 Stat. 3984 · December 23, 2004 · Original text

100. An Act To amend the National Telecommunications and Information Administration Organization Act to facilitate the reallocation of spectrum from governmental to commercial users; to improve, enhance, and promote the Nation’s homeland security, public safety, and citizen activated emergency response capabilities through the use of enhanced 911 services, to further upgrade Public Safety Answering Point capabilities and related functions in receiving E–911 calls, and to support in the construction and operation of a ubiquitous and reliable citizen activated system; and to provide that funds received as universal service contributions under section 254 of the Communications Act of 1934 and the universal service support programs established pursuant thereto are not subject to certain provisions of title 31, United States Code, commonly known as the Antideficiency Act, for a period of time.

     Public Law 108-494 · 118 Stat. 3986 · December 23, 2004 · Original text